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CHAPTER ONE | |||||
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The act of passing on knowledge from one
generation to the other is the role of the parents. The parents are more
effective in imparting discipline and knowledge to students at the very grass
root level. It is therefore a known fact that all parents have the natural
inclination to give their children the good things of life they are capable of
providing for them. And in the modern age, the major task is on the provision
of quality education and good standard of living. In the light of this, parents
have developed a very positive interest in what goes on in school. It is this
interest of parents in the education of their children and wards in schools
that gave birth to the organization or formation called “Parents Teachers
Association”.
During the
latter years of the 19th century, the Parents Teacher Association
was first organized by a group of women in America. The first meeting called
“the national congress of mothers” was actually held in 1877. It was this
meeting that stimulated the founding of the national congress was with the sole
aim to act in an advisory capacity of school in America pence. It now goes by
the name Parents Teacher Association {PTA} and the functions, now includes
particularly in curricular development policy making and setting standards in
schools.
Abiola A.O. {1967} since Parents Teacher
Association is concerned with the student’s welfare and all round developments
that is why parents are giving a role in the administrative management of
secondary school. This means that the Parents Teachers Association is
interested in the co-operation of the school system.
It is generally expected that all heads
of primary and post primary institutions that is head master/headmistress and
principals especially the newly posted one should be able to organize and
participate in teacher association activities single handled to ginger the
staff and students. Therefore the home and schools must work hand in hand to
achieve full educational objectives. Parents are experienced people who are
conversant with child psychology and development.
They therefore know the needs of their children at difference stages of
development. In view of this, the parents are in a better position to give
useful advice to teachers when necessary. Individual parents could be invited
to school for discussion on their children welfare. Such as personal
cleanliness, behaviour and general progress.
When parents get home from those visits, they will see their children’s
work and also other work to compare. The principal with assistant of some staff
could point out the child weakness and give suggestions for improvement.
The principal on his own part will also not fail to highlight the good
point about the children on the whole.
The parents teacher association is a forum for teachers and parents to
meet and discuss issues relating to the welfare of the parents and teachers.
The parents teacher association meets once or twice a year as the case may be
to discuss matter affecting the students and teachers and general issues
relating to the schools. But it may be necessary to invite parents of students
in affected classes to discuss particular things affecting them. They turn out
of the parents teacher association on meeting depends on the publicity given
among the students.
The students therefore serve as
a medium by which information about the parents meeting reaches their parents
usually when they attend matters discussed at these meeting are usually at
general application to a student and matter affecting the town and discipline
of the school.
The more personal matters are dealt with by the head that invited them
and discussed with the parents, the more interest they have for the school.
Through the PTA meeting parents could be educated or enlightened. The benefits
of the parents teacher and students, it may be necessary to a talk on
discipline and causes, teachers delinquency through this the parents will have
an insight into the causes of the students problem and know more effective
discipline when a new subject or policy is to be introduced. The PTA meeting
serves as a forum for getting this across to the parents and teachers by the
parents will be aware of the current development in educational deals. Hence
educational advancement is regarded as the cornerstones for economical,
political, social and physical well being of nay country, it is an important fact
that countries all over the world give priority attention to education in their
budget. In the light of this, education is seen as an instrument of change. A
further proof of the importance of education is what Professor Edmond King
(1969) says about it. It says that many countries educational expenditure now
preempts as much of the budget as dispense if not more. In this education is
seen universally as the most national mean of building a wholesome of mankind.
Nigeria as a country recognizes education as a key to development and this
reflects in the phenomenal growth of such schools.
Since her independence in 1960, Nigeria had only two universities as
against fairly six as the moment and some other ones being proposed and came
into reality in the 80s, which is the 6-3-3-4 system of education.
This system was aimed at training students towards self-reliance and
technological orientation by different states and ethnic group of the
federation. This is a reflection of the increasing place education perform in the
general growth and development of the nation. The emergence of more secondary
school and government-increasing place in the sectors and government increasing
participating place of the parents teacher association in terms of
administration and funding. Today Nigeria budget close to 3 billion for the
educational sector.
The massive investment in education is aimed at producing middle higher
level manpower needs that this manpower requirement can only be met if the
primary and secondary school are effectively programmed to give the necessary
background in education requirement by institutions of higher learning.
Secondary schools can only play their place properly within the
framework of effective school management and administration. Effective
administration of secondary school may only be attempted through a complete
democratization of the administrative machinery that involves not only the
education experts in the state board of education, local government education
authority, principals of school but also teachers and parents who have a common
view about the students welfare. In the past, effective school administration
was conceptualized in terms of experts’ management by micro level and the
principals of the schools. Parents and teachers were to help the school. Hence
many secondary schools had at their signs of reading “parents may go beyond the
point”. As time went on, they will be realization that for any secondary school
to be able to meet her stated objectives that administration should not only be
concentrated in the hands of experts but also those directly concerned about
the students which are parents and teachers.
In other words,
there was the realization of conceptualization of the school as a micro
society. It was highly considered necessary the more people be involved in
school administration instead of learning decision-making. Over the years, the
democratization of schools administered of almost turning full circle for the
signs at school gate banning parents from going beyond particular points are
now gradually weaning out. Parents and teachers agencies in different state of
the federation have entered into association seems to be geared towards
improving communication between education providers and their consumers and
also to keep parents together. Most of the functions or duties school could be
adequately performed without the support of parents teachers association will
be known and called in this study as PTA in edo state after the government took
over school from private agencies in the year 1973. There seemed to be a
general wish to establish PTA in the school.
This wish again now reflects the increasing
realization of the place of PTA. The organisation of PTA in most school raises
a number of questions as to;
a. Whether the PTA provide fund for school?
b. Without the PTA, can the school raise fund?
c. How much has the PTA help in the discipline of
students in school?
Really, the PTA provides funds for the school by way of levy or
donation.
Secondly, the school cannot raise levy without the PTA. This is because
PTA represents the community in which the school is built.
Finally, PTA has influenced the discipline of students in schools.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Many factors gave rise to the formation
of parents teacher association in secondary schools especially in Esan West
Local Government Area in Edo State. It is likely that there are lacks of
schools facilities. It could be due to shortage of manpower, which may involve
PTA’s negotiation.
Again, it may be as a result of inadequate provision of school materials
for students. All these problems attract the intervention of the PTA. It is
probably whether PTA actually acts to assist school in matters relating for day
to day running of schools. Thus, a formal study of this nature on the influence
of PTA in school management is very important.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this study is to determine
the extent of parent teacher association in the schools administration
especially in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State. The PTA’s
involvement in secondary school administration is a kind of rendering
assistance to government who always emphasis self help development and this
association help to promote discipline among students by policies formation.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the place of PTA in school
administration.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
The place of parents teacher association
in the administration of secondary school is of great importance. Quite very
often, people attribute the success of most secondary school management to the
existence of strong PTA organization in schools.
This study is therefore significant in
the sense that, it will throw more light on what the students, teachers,
principals and the general public perceived to be the place of PTA in the
administrative machinery of secondary school.
Again, as a result of its contributions the principals might see their
shortcoming and involved in a more effective approach to school administration.
The result of the study may provide reliable information on the nature of
principal’s leadership in schools, to school board of education {state and
local}. From this, they may redefine the policy on which subsequent school
administration policies will be formulated.
Therefore, this would enhance effective teaching/learning and
administration in our secondary schools. Other researchers might find the study
useful particularly the function of PTA in school administration of discipline.
RESEARCH QUESTION
The following research questions have
been drawn up in order to enable the readers to identify the functions of PTA
in school administration.
i. What are the roles of PTA play in the provision of
funds of schools.
ii. Does PTA improve the academic or moral twist of
students?
iii. Does the absence of PTA in school affect the
overall development of the school system?
iv. Does the intervention of PTA in school affect the overall
development of the school system?
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
This study is confirmed strictly to Esan
West Local Government Area of Edo State. While the research topic is restricted
to the place of PTA in the administration of secondary schools. The
questionnaires, which the research uses to collect data for this study, were
administered in senior school students SSS III.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is confirmed strictly to Esan West Local Government Area of
Edo State but the absence of good roads, which led to lack of transportation.
Financial constraint, coupled with
academic engagement right now, the study is therefore limited to only five
secondary schools in the local government area. This study is again limited to
the factor responsible for involvement of PTA in the administration of
secondary schools.
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Friday 25 October 2013
THE PLACE OF PARENTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION (PTA) IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL
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