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CHAPTER ONE | |||||
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Successfully
management and realization of objectives of teaching and learning to a large
extent can be attributed to many factors. Some of these factors include the
personality of the teacher, classroom building learners characteristics availability
and effective use of instructional materials. The unique role of instructional
materials as an integral part of teaching and learning in classroom situation
cannot be over emphasized. This is to say that method of teaching will be
grossly incomplete where instructional materials are left out. It is a good
policy to use as fully as possible teaching materials that can be made
available in school specially in the
secondary school in order to make teaching and learning more real, purposeful
and meaningful.
This
was why the government in the then 6-3-3-4 system of education subjects like
Maths, English, Social Studies, Physics, History, Biology, Fine Art, Chemistry,
Economics, Literature in English, Home Economics, Geography, etc and then share
them into three groups as Art, Socio-Science and Science subjects as one of the
major intellectual achievement of the new educational system. These various
subjects are supposed to make man to know understand and exercise some control
over his environment and his community, society, the business sector and
possibly the world at large. Inspite of these sharing of subjects in the senior
secondary school curriculum the result of students was not excellently for the
students that graduated, from the research carried out on the result on some
students performance between 2001-2004.
The above evidence shows that in the e
arly 2000’s the rate of students failure in some subjects was low and this is
because the percentage of those who failed the subjects was lower than the
percentage of those who passed. In recent , between 2005-2010 students
performance during the , during the West African Examination Council (WAEC) in
some subjects like Maths, English and Social Studies decline, this is shown in
the result of subjects offered in the examination written between 2005-201,
that one (1) out of every ten (10) students who sat for the examination had an
A3, while other nine (9) students were with other grade (C4, C5, C6, P7, E8,
F9), these could have resulted from various factors. Due to inadequate
instructional materials and lack of qualified personnel in the educational
sector such as teachers and masters of subjects resources persons. Inspite of
the instruction of the National Examination Council (NECO) to complement that
of West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) the result of the students offering
some of these core subjects have not change so much from what it was in the
recent past.
Though
the results of students offering these subjects from national Examination
Council (NECO) have quite be encouraging the above survey of students
performance in these subjects under these core subjects examination. Over the
years shows that students performance in all these subjects had been declining
this may have resulted from the influence of the following factors.
i.
Inadequate and
lack of instructional materials that are necessary for the teaching and
learning process in senior secondary schools.
ii.
Insufficient and
unqualified resource personnel for researches in the field and in teaching
iii.
Inabilities of
the teachers to improvise the necessary instructional materials for effective
teaching of all the subjects that they teach.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
For
teaching and learning activities to be effective and purposeful, the teacher
has to make use of the right instructional materials. It is in the light of the
above that this study focuses attention on the influence of instructional
materials in the teaching and learning in some selected senior secondary school
in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
study focuses attention on the influences of instructional materials on
teaching and learning in the senior secondary school, specially the study will
find out if the adequate utilization of available instructional materials can
influence the performance of the senior secondary schools students specially in
the class positively. The study will also find out the factors that hinders the
effective utilization of instructional materials in the senior secondary
schools, in addition the study is aimed at finding out how instructional materials
can be used in the class in order to bring about the effective teaching and
learning in the senior secondary schools.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In
order to achieve the purpose of the study the following research questions were
formulated to guide the investigation.
a. Does instructional materials when made available
relevant to the teaching and learning of all the subjects in senior secondary
school?
b. Does the use of instructional materials being about
effective teaching and learning of socio science and all other subjects in
secondary schools?
c. Does the use of instructional materials increase
students understanding of all the subjects?
d. Does the use of instructional materials in the
class increase students retention of the subjects matter of all the subjects
taught?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
study when completed will be beneficial to the students, teachers, parents, and
guardian and to the local, state and federal government, to the students the
studies are important because it will help them to see how important the use of
instructional materials are to their understanding of all senior secondary
school subjects, specially in the core subjects. To parents and guardians this
studies is of great importance because it will help them to appreciate the
importance of the use of instructional materials to aid their children,
understanding in all the subjects they are taught. This will induce them to
join hands with the school authorities to provide all the necessary
instructional materials needed to be used in the senior secondary school classroom.
The study is also important to the local, state and federal government because
it will help them to understand the place of instructional materials in terms
of pedagogical practice. This will make them to provide all the necessary
instructional materials for use in the senior secondary schools and motivate
the teachers financially.
1.6
BASIC ASSUMPTION
The
study is based on the following assumptions
i.
The use of
relevant instructional materials influence students performance in senior
secondary school.
ii.
The use of
instructional materials by the teachers increase intense understanding of
subjects by the subjects matter.
iii.
That the
involvement of all teachers in improvisation of instructional materials
influence the teaching positively
iv.
Adequate research
of this effects was made in Nigeria taking some selected schools in Oredo Local
Government Area of Edo State as a case study.
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Friday 25 October 2013
INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
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