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CHAPTER ONE | |||||
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The
new National Policy on Education (1981) is designed to be functional, practical
and qualitative. This is expected to reduce the mere paper work system
associated with the former system of education and which led to the mass
unemployment. This new policy on education emphasizes vocational and was
formulated by any Nigerians to direct the nation towards technological and
economic development and cultural renewal. The subject areas recommended for
study and compulsory for every child in the post primary school system include
science, vocational and social studies. Under the vocational area is accounting
subject. Accounting is an indispensable field of study in education. It is a
subject that is very essential for business. It helps both profit and non-profit
making organizations. This is because it helps these organizations to make
policies which helps for expansion. It also access the efficiency of management
to make decisions relating to further investment. It aids proprietors access
the efficiency of management and provide information which assists parties
outside organization to make objective judgment about the organization. In the
secondary schools, the objective of teaching this important subject is to
provide students with the basic method of processing data to develop
manipulative skills and provide knowledge for career advancement in accounting
to develop an economic understanding of business vocabulary to help students
develop and understanding of basic accounting concept and principles, in summary
to be self reliant. Unfortunately students nowadays perform poorly in this
important subject, the poor performance of students in the subject has become a
matter of concern to many people especially to business education that a
question arises, “what are the causes of student’s poor performance in this
subject? Is it due to the ineffectiveness of the accounting teachers who teach
the subject, students’ lack of interest, or inadequate teaching aids? How then
can the poor performance be improved? To find solutions to the above questions
is the objective of this research.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Accounting
like every other business subject as an inestimable value which it had played
and is still playing definite and important roles in the world of business. Due
to the vital role, the knowledge and understanding of accounting is playing in
the society, there is the need to improve on its standard. The students
offering this subject tend to encounter some problems which leads to their poor
performances and such problems among others are
1. Lack
of qualified teachers.
2. Lack
of motivation.
3. Lack
of teaching aids and instructional materials.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
To
effectively carryout this study, the following questions were formulated
1. Are
there qualified teachers in the school?
2. Are
the teachers or students being motivated?
3. Does
the school have teaching aids or instructional materials?
4. Do
teachers conduct continuous assessment regularly?
1.4 PURPOSE OF STUDY
Since
accounting is a venture which helps in the socio-economic development of the
masses, it becomes pertinent for all hands to be on deck, if improvement is to
be made generally, financial accounting like every other field or discipline is
associated with some problems. It is on this ground therefore, that this study
is designed to map out strategies for improving students poor academic
performances in financial accounting in some selected secondary schools in Edo
state.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The
significance of the research will highlight the problems of students poor
academic performance in financial accounting in secondary schools, particularly
those in Edo state. It will also suggest ways for improvement and correction.
In addition, it tries to find out ways of encouraging the present and future
students of Edo state so that, they can have meaningful and personal
relationship between their teachers and themselves. The findings of the study
will be of immense assistance to financial accounting administration,
especially the school principal, if the findings are thoroughly implemented. It
will enhance students’ performance in financial accounting especially in Edo
state.
TO GET THE COMPLETED PROJECT WORK WITH
REFERENCES,
PLEASE CALL
+2347060556088 or +2348088748420
or
Visit
www.jamtechproject.com
Thank
you.
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Friday 25 October 2013
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
PARENTING STYLES AND SELF CONCEPT ON EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT OF NIGERIA SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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CHAPTER ONE | |||||
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INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Adolescent
is a developmental period when a lot of change takes place, these changes could
be physical, mental and social. Also adolescent is usually a time of excitement
and of troubles and can thus be a confusing time. It is true that adolescents
have different self-esteem, and the way they react to situation and
circumstances surrounding them. While some are very receptive and others very
aggressive and unfriendly.
It has
been noticed that some of these adolescents are maladjusted in behaviour and in
their relationship with fellow adolescent and other members of the society.
Some of these adolescent who have problem with their self-concepts are not able
to adjust or cope emotionally. It is in recognition of this, that the national
policy of education stated. In view of the apparent ignorance of many young
people, about career prospects and in view of personality, maladjustment among
school children, career offices and counselors should be appointed in post primary
institution. As one of the function of guidance and counselling, in assisting
maladjusted students.
The
training given to a child, to a large extent determine his or her self-concept.
The parenting styles of individual also determine how the child will adjust to
the society emotionally. There are different families. There is the single
parent homes, the two parents homes and the multiple parents homes which is
generally known as polygamy. In these homes you find different styles of
parenting being used. These parenting style have a way of affecting the
self-concept of individual adolescents and their emotional adjustment in the
society.
The
parenting styles, goes a long way in determining how an individual sees his or
herself, perception concerning his or her physical, social and psychological
aspiration and emotional adjustment in the society in which he or she lives. It
is therefore important to study the different parenting styles and ascertain
how they determine the self-concept of the individual adolescent. It is also
necessary to look at the way, this will help the individual to adjust
emotionally to the society.
WHAT THEN IS PARENTING
According
to Cleaner Casiellino, Michinery and Terry Vilarcial [1995] parenting is the
term summarizing set of behaviors involved across life, in the reactions among
organisms that are usually the same and typically members of different but
cohorts. Parenting interaction provide resources across the generational groups
and functions in regard to domains individual survival reproduction, nature and
socialization, this parenting is a complex process involving much more than a
mother or father providing food and succor to an infant or child. Parenting
involves bio-directional relationship between members of two or more generation
and can extend through all major parts of the respective life spans of these
groups which may engage all institution within a culture including education,
economic, political and designed settings which the group left behind [Ford and
Leaner Lager] “parenting is both a biological and social process.
According
to Bornstain [1995], the key functions of a child’s family are to raise the
young person in a healthy as manner as possible. The parents role is to provide
the child with safe, secure, nurturing, loving as well support the child’s
environment, as one that allows the offspring to have a happy and healthy youth
life. This sort of experience allows the youth to develop in knowledge, value,
attitude and behaviour necessary to become an adult, making a productive
contribution to self, family community and the larger society.
What a
parent does to fulfill these “duties” or roles is termed parenting in other
words, parenting is a term summarizes behaviour of a person, usually mother or
father in the process of raising a child given to the family.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
According
to Darling [1999] Development psychologists have interest in the way parent’s
influences social and instrumental competence. It has also been said that
parenting is the most difficult job, and the most important responsibility one
will have in life.
According
to Kathic [1999] on clear guidelines above, the way of parenting has been based
on, upbringing of children in appropriate building of positive self-concept
without having emotional problems.
According
to Darling [1999] parenting is a difficult task that include a lot of specific
behaviour that work individually and collectively to influence adolescent life.
According
to Fry [2004], many parents believe that the best way to bring up and rear a
child especially the adolescent is by being oppressive, a commander, an
authoritarian and autocratic. These parents believe that the adolescent should
carry out all instructions as commanded, yet another set believe that they should
be permissive or negligent as parents could such parenting style result in
maladjustment? Nigerian adolescent with low self-concept and emotional problem,
parents who are authoritative in their parenting styles have children who are
more socially, emotionally and instrumentally competent than others who are
non-authoritative.
According
to Baumrind [1991], the authoritarian families have adolescent who perform well
in school, but involved in problem behaviour, self-esteem and high level of
depression.
According
to Schwarz [1999] and Darling [1999], various researchers have low self esteem
and low self-concept result from authoritarian family, the reluctant once
perform poorly in school, and low level of depression. Which of these styles is
known to have positive emotional developments? Could this be equally true of
the respondents in this study? Or can the four parenting styles be merged to
eliminate maladjustment in adolescent? Can two or three parenting styles be
adopted for a balance adolescent life?
According
to National Policy on Education [1998], one of the aims and objectives of the
national policy on education, which is also linked to the training of the mind
and the understanding of the world. It states also that, it is promotion of the
physical and psychological development of all Nigerian children.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of
this research is:
1a. Parenting style of indulgent
b.
Authoritarian parents
c.
Authoritative parents and
d.
Uninvolved parents [reluctant]
All this will be done through study
materials and field work with questionnaire.
2. How parenting styles affect the self-concept of the adolescent
3. And how parenting style and self-concept affect the emotional adjustment of the adolescent.
RESEARCH QUESTION
To
find out the effects of parenting styles and self-concept on emotional
adjustment of the adolescent, the study raised the following research
questions:
1. Do parenting style affect the emotional adjustment of the
adolescent?
2. Does self-concept affect the emotional adjustment of the
adolescent?
3. Does self esteem among adolescent create problems of
fornication, smoking, cultism and other vices?
SCOPE OF STUDY
The
research study will be limited in scope to 10 [ten] randomly selected secondary
school in the Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
study analyses adolescent development between parental styles and self-concept
on the emotional adjustment of the adolescent. This study therefore, will add
to the knowledge of parenting styles and self-concept.
This
work will also benefit those who wish to carryout data examination on parenting
styles, self-concept and emotional life of the adolescent. It will also help
parents especially to know the impact they have on their children so as to help
develop programmes that will help build their relationship with their
adolescents.
The
study will also help professional like psychologist and educationist to know
that child rearing is built on social support, behaviour molding and the
adolescent emotions. And also, the process of self-development in adolescent to
a large extent is tailored towards helping parents and counselors to know the
different parenting styles that is positive and negative to the adolescent.
TO GET THE COMPLETED PROJECT WORK WITH
REFERENCES,
PLEASE CALL
+2347060556088 or +2348088748420
or
Visit
www.jamtechproject.com
Thank
you.
| |||||
MODERN STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCES OF STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY
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CHAPTER ONE | |||||
|
INTRODUCTION
Chemistry
is a branch of science which was last major subject that was introduced into
the school curriculum.
Chemistry
is taught in the senior secondary school in other for the students to acquire
knowledge that will make them useful to them and to the society they belong.
The
main aim of studying chemistry is to study matter which includes it composition,
properties and the changes it undergoes.
Chemistry
requires experimental work in laboratory for development. Laboratory work is
essential for putting theoretical principles into practice and testing
proposed, hypothesis, therefore proficiency in laboratory work is essential for
them to become good chemistry. In the course of a laboratory work, one
translates practice application and gradually widens the scope. Chemistry aim
at building up the ability to solve carefully and speedily problems which come
constantly in variety of ways
Further
more, chemistry as a branch of science requires special skills when teaching it
and as such following skills are developed in the students studying chemistry,
skills includes identifying problems, asking questions, formulating hypothesis,
observing, measuring etc. in order to improve the performance of students
studying chemistry in secondary school, laboratory exercise in an integral part
and should be used only when.
1. Laboratory practical are readily
needed as a means of verifying a scientific law, principle or a theory already
known to the students.
2. It is needed as means of obtaining
and learning scientific information.
3. The laboratory practical can be
meshed with text book and other learning activities.
4. It is needed as means of obtaining
scientific skills and knowledge.
Some experiments are performed
outside the laboratory just as some laboratory activities cannot be classed
experiment while most laboratory activities are conceived in order to provide practice
in designing, operating and interpreting data, however experiment are
operations or proceeding designing for purpose of testing is supposition,
confirming what is known and discovering what
hat not be known (unknown) chemistry also enables the students to
developed confidence in what do and themselves as an individuals, as it
involves matter.
The
inception of natural study was introduced by people who were both specialist in
science and chemistry as it branch which is a dynamic and inevitable learning
experience for the students. However, once entrusted to teachers with little or
no background studying in chemistry with varying degree of teaching. The
effectiveness of the study on the nature of chemistry in the secondary school
is degenerated bodily at the point, we define chemistry as the study of matter
including it properties, reactions, composition and it changes from one state
to another state of matter.
The
student’s education attainment in chemistry is inevitable and should be viewed
with a lot incentive in both teaching and learning on the side of the teachers
and students respectively at all levels. The training of students is very
importance.
Since
the extent of a nations future labour force, leadership political stability and
strength of technical advancement lies in the hand of students it therefore
hoped that this write up shall unveil some factors responsible for the poor
performance of the students in chemistry subjects in Oredo Local Government
Area of Edo State.
BACKGROUNG OF THE STUDY
The
importance of chemistry cannot be over emphasized as it implication to the
social and economic life of the people who are well recognized by every nation
and some of it knowledge is applied in industries like brewery industries,
food, medicine, textile will and constructing companies. It can’t be over
stated at large.
Further
more, on the importance of chemistry, it is applied in refinery in the
separation of crude oils into it fraction of crude oils includes petroleum
gases, petroleum esters, petrol, kerosene, gas oil and bitumen, diesel oil,
lubricating oil and other residues which are some economical importance to the
nation at large the study of chemistry has lead to the development of chemical
industries and has importance effect soon or after the middle ages. Soaps,
acids and other basic chemical are now produced knowledge gained from the study
of chemistry is used in the manufacture of fertilizer to increase the fertility
of the soil which provide food for the nation, plastics, ceramics, paints,
cement, soap and detergent, and drinks etc. chemistry in one way of the order
affect the standard of living of people in Edo State, nations at large.
It
is necessary to lay more emphasis on scientific knowledge which v is part of
this respect; Fafuwa (1997) suggested that science should be made a compulsory
subject in secondary and tertiary institution. As well as educating the masses
so that Edo State will be able to move from its static role of a spectator to
that of an actor in this exciting break through chemistry should be taught
effectively in order to bring about technological advancement and development
in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo and Nigeria at large, as it affect the
live of the people.
Chemistry
as a branch of science requires scientific skills and techniques and as such
chemistry teachers should improve their teaching strategies or techniques in
order to improve the performance of students in chemistry in secondary schools
since the teaching and studying of chemistry will among other things infuse desirable
qualities into secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo
State, such achievement will beneficial not only to the individuals students in
Local Government Area, but also to Edo State and the nation as a whole.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
In
this project the researcher intends to identify the problems and strategies of
solving them in doing the following questions call for attention.
What
are the qualification of the chemistry teachers?
How experienced are the teachers?
Does the school have chemistry
equipment and well equipped laboratory?
How often is the model equipment
used?
Are there adequate chemistry text
book?
Are the classes conducive for the
students and the teachers to handle practical work?
How many periods of chemistry are
there in the school time table?
What efforts are the government and
community making to solve these problems?
The researcher is of the view that
the above questions would help to identify the modern strategies of improving
chemistry student’s performance in our secondary schools.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
purpose of this project is to investigate on the modern strategies for
improving the academic performance of students in Oredo Local Government Area
of Edo State.
The
researcher further finds out the general view held by the public as to the
cause of chemistry student’s poor level of achievement and performance in
chemistry.
To
examine ways by which chemistry in some selected secondary schools can be
improved and have better performance on the students
To
search further if learning chemistry concept and conceptual schemes will
increase the performance of the students in chemistry.
To
make students become familiar with the key operation of chemistry and
strategies they can use it improve their performance.
To
help chemistry students acquire proficiency through problems solves and hence
build critical and creative thinking in them.
To
guide students in developing desirable behaviour towards acquiring chemistry
skills, attitude, application and interest.
To
help students according to their own ability and interest their rate of
learning, develop interest and needs, it also enables the students to cope in
the dynamic world and be useful to the society they belong.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of the study be and large lies in the fact that the performance of
students in chemistry over the years facilitates an assessment for mapping out
the strategies that will improve the performance of chemistry students in the
nears future especially in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State and Nigeria at
large.
The
study aimed at arousing the interest of the students in studying chemistry
through;
a. Bring questions or problems that can
be solve class by Appling what has been learnt to news situation, which will
serve as an evaluation techniques.
b. Bring challenges to show and rigid
learners through oral written test.
This also aims at significantly the
importance of experience, to pinpoint to students that are learning chemistry
through reading is important since this help the students to develop their
mental ability through thinking and learning it teach the students how to use
reading materials like the chemistry textbooks effectively knowing that there
are several sources of information available on different reading level, it
also help students in developing their chemistry terms and ways of applying
them.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the qualifications of
teachers teaching chemistry in the selected secondary
school of Oredo Local Government Area
of Edo State?
2.
Is there equipment in the chemistry laboratory?
3.
How often is the use of model equipment when teaching chemistry?
4.
How many periods are used in teaching chemistry in a week?
5.
Is there adequate equipment in laboratory?
6.
How many times have you gone for excursion in your school?
7.
Do you use lab coat during chemistry practical?
TO GET THE COMPLETED PROJECT WORK WITH
REFERENCES,
PLEASE CALL
+2347060556088 or +2348088748420
or
Visit
www.jamtechproject.com
Thank
you.
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