Friday, 25 October 2013

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 
 
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ABSTRACT
This research work is undertaken with a view of investigating the strategies for improving student’s academic performance in financial accounting in some secondary schools in Edo state. To enhance effectiveness of this work, literature on the cause of poor performance by various scholars, journals, articles and view of other writers were reviewed duly considered and used, questionnaires were also administered to students and staff in some selected secondary schools in Edo state and the results used to draw conclusion. The findings revealed the following as contributory factors to the poor performance of student’s financial accounting in Edo state. 1. Lack of qualified teachers to teach the subject (Accounting). 2. Teachers/students are not motivated to teach or learn the accounting. 3. Lack of appropriate equipment and other industrial materials. Other findings include the attitudes of parent and the good government towards the subject. Recommendations were made towards ensuring better students’ performance in financial accounting.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The new National Policy on Education (1981) is designed to be functional, practical and qualitative. This is expected to reduce the mere paper work system associated with the former system of education and which led to the mass unemployment. This new policy on education emphasizes vocational and was formulated by any Nigerians to direct the nation towards technological and economic development and cultural renewal. The subject areas recommended for study and compulsory for every child in the post primary school system include science, vocational and social studies. Under the vocational area is accounting subject. Accounting is an indispensable field of study in education. It is a subject that is very essential for business. It helps both profit and non-profit making organizations. This is because it helps these organizations to make policies which helps for expansion. It also access the efficiency of management to make decisions relating to further investment. It aids proprietors access the efficiency of management and provide information which assists parties outside organization to make objective judgment about the organization. In the secondary schools, the objective of teaching this important subject is to provide students with the basic method of processing data to develop manipulative skills and provide knowledge for career advancement in accounting to develop an economic understanding of business vocabulary to help students develop and understanding of basic accounting concept and principles, in summary to be self reliant. Unfortunately students nowadays perform poorly in this important subject, the poor performance of students in the subject has become a matter of concern to many people especially to business education that a question arises, “what are the causes of student’s poor performance in this subject? Is it due to the ineffectiveness of the accounting teachers who teach the subject, students’ lack of interest, or inadequate teaching aids? How then can the poor performance be improved? To find solutions to the above questions is the objective of this research.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Accounting like every other business subject as an inestimable value which it had played and is still playing definite and important roles in the world of business. Due to the vital role, the knowledge and understanding of accounting is playing in the society, there is the need to improve on its standard. The students offering this subject tend to encounter some problems which leads to their poor performances and such problems among others are
1.  Lack of qualified teachers.
2. Lack of motivation.
3. Lack of teaching aids and instructional materials.
1.3     RESEARCH QUESTIONS
To effectively carryout this study, the following questions were formulated
1.  Are there qualified teachers in the school?
2. Are the teachers or students being motivated?
3. Does the school have teaching aids or instructional materials?
4. Do teachers conduct continuous assessment regularly?
1.4     PURPOSE OF STUDY
Since accounting is a venture which helps in the socio-economic development of the masses, it becomes pertinent for all hands to be on deck, if improvement is to be made generally, financial accounting like every other field or discipline is associated with some problems. It is on this ground therefore, that this study is designed to map out strategies for improving students poor academic performances in financial accounting in some selected secondary schools in Edo state.
1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The significance of the research will highlight the problems of students poor academic performance in financial accounting in secondary schools, particularly those in Edo state. It will also suggest ways for improvement and correction. In addition, it tries to find out ways of encouraging the present and future students of Edo state so that, they can have meaningful and personal relationship between their teachers and themselves. The findings of the study will be of immense assistance to financial accounting administration, especially the school principal, if the findings are thoroughly implemented. It will enhance students’ performance in financial accounting especially in Edo state.

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 or
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PARENTING STYLES AND SELF CONCEPT ON EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT OF NIGERIA SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

PARENTING STYLES AND SELF CONCEPT ON EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT OF NIGERIA SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
 
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ABSTRACT
This study investigates parenting styles and self concept. It was with the view of seeing how they influence the emotional adjustment of adolescents in Nigeria. It’s reference is particularly to senior and junior secondary school in Ikpoba Okha local government area of Edo state. The research question was drawn for three lasting elated literature, in different parenting styles, self-concept and emotional adjustment, were reviewed. The respondents were senior and junior secondary school students. The sample and sampling techniques was used in six secondary school. One hundred and eighty boys and girls responded to the questionnaires on the instrument for investigation. The study questionnaire was on parenting styles scale, self-concept scale and emotional adjustment scale. Pilot study of the questionnaire was carried out to ascertain the content, the percentage of analyzing the result were used to show the content, the percentage of analyzing the result were used to show the emotional adjustment and the influence parenting styles has on the self-concept of the adolescent. The study therefore recommend that parents should ensure that, the parenting style used on adolescent should be such that will help develop the positive emotional adjustment and the school counselor to initiate programme that will help adolescent have positive self-concept

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
          Adolescent is a developmental period when a lot of change takes place, these changes could be physical, mental and social. Also adolescent is usually a time of excitement and of troubles and can thus be a confusing time. It is true that adolescents have different self-esteem, and the way they react to situation and circumstances surrounding them. While some are very receptive and others very aggressive and unfriendly.
          It has been noticed that some of these adolescents are maladjusted in behaviour and in their relationship with fellow adolescent and other members of the society. Some of these adolescent who have problem with their self-concepts are not able to adjust or cope emotionally. It is in recognition of this, that the national policy of education stated. In view of the apparent ignorance of many young people, about career prospects and in view of personality, maladjustment among school children, career offices and counselors should be appointed in post primary institution. As one of the function of guidance and counselling, in assisting maladjusted students.
          The training given to a child, to a large extent determine his or her self-concept. The parenting styles of individual also determine how the child will adjust to the society emotionally. There are different families. There is the single parent homes, the two parents homes and the multiple parents homes which is generally known as polygamy. In these homes you find different styles of parenting being used. These parenting style have a way of affecting the self-concept of individual adolescents and their emotional adjustment in the society.
          The parenting styles, goes a long way in determining how an individual sees his or herself, perception concerning his or her physical, social and psychological aspiration and emotional adjustment in the society in which he or she lives. It is therefore important to study the different parenting styles and ascertain how they determine the self-concept of the individual adolescent. It is also necessary to look at the way, this will help the individual to adjust emotionally to the society.

WHAT THEN IS PARENTING

          According to Cleaner Casiellino, Michinery and Terry Vilarcial [1995] parenting is the term summarizing set of behaviors involved across life, in the reactions among organisms that are usually the same and typically members of different but cohorts. Parenting interaction provide resources across the generational groups and functions in regard to domains individual survival reproduction, nature and socialization, this parenting is a complex process involving much more than a mother or father providing food and succor to an infant or child. Parenting involves bio-directional relationship between members of two or more generation and can extend through all major parts of the respective life spans of these groups which may engage all institution within a culture including education, economic, political and designed settings which the group left behind [Ford and Leaner Lager] “parenting is both a biological and social process.
          According to Bornstain [1995], the key functions of a child’s family are to raise the young person in a healthy as manner as possible. The parents role is to provide the child with safe, secure, nurturing, loving as well support the child’s environment, as one that allows the offspring to have a happy and healthy youth life. This sort of experience allows the youth to develop in knowledge, value, attitude and behaviour necessary to become an adult, making a productive contribution to self, family community and the larger society.
          What a parent does to fulfill these “duties” or roles is termed parenting in other words, parenting is a term summarizes behaviour of a person, usually mother or father in the process of raising a child given to the family.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

          According to Darling [1999] Development psychologists have interest in the way parent’s influences social and instrumental competence. It has also been said that parenting is the most difficult job, and the most important responsibility one will have in life.
          According to Kathic [1999] on clear guidelines above, the way of parenting has been based on, upbringing of children in appropriate building of positive self-concept without having emotional problems.
          According to Darling [1999] parenting is a difficult task that include a lot of specific behaviour that work individually and collectively to influence adolescent life.
          According to Fry [2004], many parents believe that the best way to bring up and rear a child especially the adolescent is by being oppressive, a commander, an authoritarian and autocratic. These parents believe that the adolescent should carry out all instructions as commanded, yet another set believe that they should be permissive or negligent as parents could such parenting style result in maladjustment? Nigerian adolescent with low self-concept and emotional problem, parents who are authoritative in their parenting styles have children who are more socially, emotionally and instrumentally competent than others who are non-authoritative.
          According to Baumrind [1991], the authoritarian families have adolescent who perform well in school, but involved in problem behaviour, self-esteem and high level of depression.
          According to Schwarz [1999] and Darling [1999], various researchers have low self esteem and low self-concept result from authoritarian family, the reluctant once perform poorly in school, and low level of depression. Which of these styles is known to have positive emotional developments? Could this be equally true of the respondents in this study? Or can the four parenting styles be merged to eliminate maladjustment in adolescent? Can two or three parenting styles be adopted for a balance adolescent life?     
          According to National Policy on Education [1998], one of the aims and objectives of the national policy on education, which is also linked to the training of the mind and the understanding of the world. It states also that, it is promotion of the physical and psychological development of all Nigerian children.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this research is:
1a.     Parenting style of indulgent
b.        Authoritarian parents
c.        Authoritative parents and
d.        Uninvolved parents [reluctant]
All this will be done through study materials and field work with questionnaire.
2.       How parenting styles affect the self-concept of the adolescent
3.       And how parenting style and self-concept affect the emotional    adjustment of the adolescent.
RESEARCH QUESTION
          To find out the effects of parenting styles and self-concept on emotional adjustment of the adolescent, the study raised the following research questions:
1.    Do parenting style affect the emotional adjustment of the adolescent?
2.    Does self-concept affect the emotional adjustment of the adolescent?
3.    Does self esteem among adolescent create problems of fornication, smoking, cultism and other vices?

SCOPE OF STUDY

          The research study will be limited in scope to 10 [ten] randomly selected secondary school in the Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

          This study analyses adolescent development between parental styles and self-concept on the emotional adjustment of the adolescent. This study therefore, will add to the knowledge of parenting styles and self-concept.
          This work will also benefit those who wish to carryout data examination on parenting styles, self-concept and emotional life of the adolescent. It will also help parents especially to know the impact they have on their children so as to help develop programmes that will help build their relationship with their adolescents.
          The study will also help professional like psychologist and educationist to know that child rearing is built on social support, behaviour molding and the adolescent emotions. And also, the process of self-development in adolescent to a large extent is tailored towards helping parents and counselors to know the different parenting styles that is positive and negative to the adolescent.

TO GET THE COMPLETED PROJECT WORK WITH REFERENCES,
PLEASE CALL
+2347060556088 or +2348088748420
 or
Visit www.jamtechproject.com
Thank you.
 

MODERN STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCES OF STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY

MODERN STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCES OF STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY
 
TO GET THE COMPLETED PROJECT WORK WITH REFERENCES,
PLEASE CALL
+2347060556088 or +2348088748420
 
ABSTRACT
This research work is designed to find out the modern strategies of improving the performance of students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The research instrument used was the questionnaire, 100 respondents were used for the study. Problem was raised and the result obtained was used to answer the research questions the result of the investigation revealed that....

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
          Chemistry is a branch of science which was last major subject that was introduced into the school curriculum.
          Chemistry is taught in the senior secondary school in other for the students to acquire knowledge that will make them useful to them and to the society they belong.
          The main aim of studying chemistry is to study matter which includes it composition, properties and the changes it undergoes.
          Chemistry requires experimental work in laboratory for development. Laboratory work is essential for putting theoretical principles into practice and testing proposed, hypothesis, therefore proficiency in laboratory work is essential for them to become good chemistry. In the course of a laboratory work, one translates practice application and gradually widens the scope. Chemistry aim at building up the ability to solve carefully and speedily problems which come constantly in variety of ways
          Further more, chemistry as a branch of science requires special skills when teaching it and as such following skills are developed in the students studying chemistry, skills includes identifying problems, asking questions, formulating hypothesis, observing, measuring etc. in order to improve the performance of students studying chemistry in secondary school, laboratory exercise in an integral part and should be used only when.
1.     Laboratory practical are readily needed as a means of verifying a scientific law, principle or a theory already known to the students.
2.     It is needed as means of obtaining and learning scientific information.
3.     The laboratory practical can be meshed with text book and other learning activities.
4.     It is needed as means of obtaining scientific skills and knowledge.
Some experiments are performed outside the laboratory just as some laboratory activities cannot be classed experiment while most laboratory activities are conceived in order to provide practice in designing, operating and interpreting data, however experiment are operations or proceeding designing for purpose of testing is supposition, confirming what is known and discovering what  hat not be known (unknown) chemistry also enables the students to developed confidence in what do and themselves as an individuals, as it involves matter.
          The inception of natural study was introduced by people who were both specialist in science and chemistry as it branch which is a dynamic and inevitable learning experience for the students. However, once entrusted to teachers with little or no background studying in chemistry with varying degree of teaching. The effectiveness of the study on the nature of chemistry in the secondary school is degenerated bodily at the point, we define chemistry as the study of matter including it properties, reactions, composition and it changes from one state to another state of matter. 
          The student’s education attainment in chemistry is inevitable and should be viewed with a lot incentive in both teaching and learning on the side of the teachers and students respectively at all levels. The training of students is very importance.
          Since the extent of a nations future labour force, leadership political stability and strength of technical advancement lies in the hand of students it therefore hoped that this write up shall unveil some factors responsible for the poor performance of the students in chemistry subjects in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.
BACKGROUNG OF THE STUDY
          The importance of chemistry cannot be over emphasized as it implication to the social and economic life of the people who are well recognized by every nation and some of it knowledge is applied in industries like brewery industries, food, medicine, textile will and constructing companies. It can’t be over stated at large.
          Further more, on the importance of chemistry, it is applied in refinery in the separation of crude oils into it fraction of crude oils includes petroleum gases, petroleum esters, petrol, kerosene, gas oil and bitumen, diesel oil, lubricating oil and other residues which are some economical importance to the nation at large the study of chemistry has lead to the development of chemical industries and has importance effect soon or after the middle ages. Soaps, acids and other basic chemical are now produced knowledge gained from the study of chemistry is used in the manufacture of fertilizer to increase the fertility of the soil which provide food for the nation, plastics, ceramics, paints, cement, soap and detergent, and drinks etc. chemistry in one way of the order affect the standard of living of people in Edo State, nations at large.
          It is necessary to lay more emphasis on scientific knowledge which v is part of this respect; Fafuwa (1997) suggested that science should be made a compulsory subject in secondary and tertiary institution. As well as educating the masses so that Edo State will be able to move from its static role of a spectator to that of an actor in this exciting break through chemistry should be taught effectively in order to bring about technological advancement and development in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo and Nigeria at large, as it affect the live of the people.
          Chemistry as a branch of science requires scientific skills and techniques and as such chemistry teachers should improve their teaching strategies or techniques in order to improve the performance of students in chemistry in secondary schools since the teaching and studying of chemistry will among other things infuse desirable qualities into secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, such achievement will beneficial not only to the individuals students in Local Government Area, but also to Edo State and the nation as a whole.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
          In this project the researcher intends to identify the problems and strategies of solving them in doing the following questions call for attention.
          What are the qualification of the chemistry teachers?   
How experienced are the teachers?
Does the school have chemistry equipment and well equipped laboratory?
How often is the model equipment used?
Are there adequate chemistry text book?
Are the classes conducive for the students and the teachers to handle practical work?
How many periods of chemistry are there in the school time table?
What efforts are the government and community making to solve these problems?
The researcher is of the view that the above questions would help to identify the modern strategies of improving chemistry student’s performance in our secondary schools.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
          The purpose of this project is to investigate on the modern strategies for improving the academic performance of students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.
          The researcher further finds out the general view held by the public as to the cause of chemistry student’s poor level of achievement and performance in chemistry.
          To examine ways by which chemistry in some selected secondary schools can be improved and have better performance on the students
          To search further if learning chemistry concept and conceptual schemes will increase the performance of the students in chemistry.
          To make students become familiar with the key operation of chemistry and strategies they can use it improve their performance.
          To help chemistry students acquire proficiency through problems solves and hence build critical and creative thinking in them.
          To guide students in developing desirable behaviour towards acquiring chemistry skills, attitude, application and interest.
          To help students according to their own ability and interest their rate of learning, develop interest and needs, it also enables the students to cope in the dynamic world and be useful to the society they belong.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
          The significance of the study be and large lies in the fact that the performance of students in chemistry over the years facilitates an assessment for mapping out the strategies that will improve the performance of chemistry students in the nears future especially in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State and Nigeria at large.
          The study aimed at arousing the interest of the students in studying chemistry through;
a.     Bring questions or problems that can be solve class by Appling what has been learnt to news situation, which will serve as an evaluation techniques.
b.     Bring challenges to show and rigid learners through oral written test.
This also aims at significantly the importance of experience, to pinpoint to students that are learning chemistry through reading is important since this help the students to develop their mental ability through thinking and learning it teach the students how to use reading materials like the chemistry textbooks effectively knowing that there are several sources of information available on different reading level, it also help students in developing their chemistry terms and ways of applying them.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.     What are the qualifications of teachers teaching chemistry in the selected secondary school of Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State?
2.     Is there equipment in the chemistry laboratory?
3.     How often is the use of model equipment when teaching chemistry?
4.     How many periods are used in teaching chemistry in a week?
5.     Is there adequate equipment in laboratory?
6.     How many times have you gone for excursion in your school?
7.     Do you use lab coat during chemistry practical? 

TO GET THE COMPLETED PROJECT WORK WITH REFERENCES,
PLEASE CALL
+2347060556088 or +2348088748420
 or
Visit www.jamtechproject.com
Thank you.